Exploring the bioactive properties and diverse uses of Bauhinia variegata: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Bauhinia variegata tree is known for its magnificent ornamental characteristics with its parts like leaves, flowers, floral buds, bark, seeds and roots as a traditional source of phytochemicals. Plant extracts from different tree parts are applied in indigenous medicine systems for the cure of diseases, infections, as well as pain due to anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic properties. It has been utilized traditionally in different types of medicinal, nutraceutical, pharmacological, fuel and food applications. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and critically evaluate the current research on the phytochemical profile and biological effects of B. variegata. The review systematically explores the bioactive properties associated with different plant parts, including leaves, flowers, floral buds, roots, bark, and seeds. Emphasis is placed on the identification and characterization of key phytochemicals, their pharmacological effects and implications for health and disease management. By combining historical knowledge with contemporary scientific research, this review sheds light on B. variegata effectiveness and safety. It explores the plant's potential in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, emphasizing its value as a source of bioactive compounds and suggesting new research and application opportunities.