Influence of spontaneous fermentation leavens from cereal flour on the indicators of the technological process of making wheat bread

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of the research was to determine the carbohydrate-amylase complex of oatmeal and green buckwheat flour, the process of preparation of spontaneous fermentation leavens using of these types of flour, to establish the influence of spontaneous fermentation leavens on technological indicators and wheat bread quality. Materials and methods. Oatmeal flour, green buckwheat flour, spontaneous fermentation leavens prepared using these types of flour, and wheat bread with the addition of these leavens were studied. Accelerated and express method of drying, iodometric, volumetric, autolytic test, titration and pH-metry methods, method of restoring the color of the indicator, method of displaced volume by the grain were used. Results and discussion. Wheat flour of the first grade was the control sample in the research. The sugar-forming ability of oat and buckwheat flour was lower than in the control sample by 19.4% and 56.4%; autolytic activity by 36.9% and 43.1%; total gas formation by 31.1% and 38.6%, respectively. The decrease in enzymatic activity was due to differences in chemical composition and technology of preparation of cereals used to produce oatmeal and buckwheat flour. In mixtures of wheat flour with oat or buckwheat flour, the sugar-forming ability was higher than in the control sample by 15.1% and 10.4%; gas-forming capacity by 12.7% and 7.3%, respectively. This was due to the effect of the active β-amylase of wheat flour on the smaller starch grains of cereal flour. It was established that after the fifth renewal of leaven from oat and buckwheat flour it could be used for bread making, as the quality of buckwheat and oat leavens was stabilized due to physicochemical parameters (acidity – 16.0-18.0 degrees, lactic acid bacteria activity – 45-60 min). The addition of the studied leavens in the amount up to 12% by weight of flour in the dough allowed obtaining products with organoleptic and physicochemical parameters close to the control sample. Conclusions. Technological properties of oatmeal and green buckwheat flour allowed using them as a nutrient medium for spontaneous fermentation leavens in order to intensify technological processes and improve the nutritional value of wheat bread.