Therapeutic radiometals beyond 177Lu and 90Y: Production and application of promising α-particle, β--particle, and auger electron emitters

Abstract

In recent years, new α-particle-, β--particle-, and Auger electron- emitting radiometals-such as 67Cu, 47Sc, 166Ho, 161Tb, 149Tb, 212Pb/212Bi, 225Ac, and 213Bi-have been produced and evaluated (pre)clinically for therapeutic purposes. In this short review article, the most important routes of production of these radiometals are critically discussed, as are examples of their application in preclinical and clinical studies.