Perbandingan Metode Arah Gerakan Elektroda terhadap Distorsi dan Kekerasan pada Hasil Pengelasan SMAW Baja Komersil

Abstract

The development of technology is increasing rapidly in the field of machine construction in desperate need of connection techniques between interconnected parts of the machine construction. This study aims to compare the method of electrode movement direction using commercial steel to the value of distortion and hardness. This study uses seam V with an angle of 600 and a current of 100 amperes. The electrode used is E 6013 with a diameter of 3.2 mm and the test object has a thickness of 10 mm and a length of one object is 100 mm. This research uses spiral, zigzag, and semicircular (C) electrode movements. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tadulako.The results of distortion testing in the welding process obtained the highest distortion angle value, namely the semicircular electrode motion (C) with a value of 2.417 ° and the lowest angular distortion, namely the zigzag electrode movement with a value 1,857 °. This is because the contact area from the tip of the electrode to the parent metal is larger so that the peak temperature of the HAZ area is higher, consequently the cooling rate is greater. Whereas in the zigzag electrode movement is the opposite, because the greater the heat entering and the slow cooling causes the distortion angle value which initially rises to fall back down. For the hardness test, the highest value was obtained in the semicircular electrode motion (C), namely 163.65 Kg / mm2, while the lowest hardness value was obtained in the spiral electrode movement, namely 154.44 Kg / mm2.