Antioxidant Activity and Irritation Potency of Face Tonic Formulation from Ethanol Fraction of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.)

Abstract

Sappan wood is a medicinal plant that contains phenolic compounds such as brazilin. It can be used to treat photoaging due to oxidative stress. Face tonic is one type of facial skin care cosmetic that has this purpose. The research aims to determine the formula, percentage inhibition, and irritation potency of face tonic from the ethanol fraction of sappan wood. The ethanol fraction of sappan wood was formulated into a face tonic preparation using glycerin and propylene glycol as cosolvents. The evaluation of face tonic involved physical quality, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and the irritation-potential test using the HET-CAM method. The results showed that the two face tonic formulas had good homogeneity, with a pH value of 4.5 and a viscosity of 2.5 cps (FI) and 2.6 cps (FII). Face tonic formulas had inhibitory activity at concentrations of 500 ppm, 550 ppm, 600 ppm, 650 ppm, and 700 ppm, with percentages of inhibition of 21.9%, 22.7%, 23.6%, 24.8%, and 25.3 % (FI), and 20.6%, 21.7%, 22.8%, 23.4%, and 24.1% (FII). The irritation score of each formula was 0 (non-irritant) and 5.44 (moderate irritant). The rise in % inhibition indicates an increase in the antioxidant activity of the two face tonic formulas. Irritation appeared on the FII. FI has the best antioxidant activity, non-irritant, and safe to use.