Use of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis panel to detect pathogenic microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid specimens: a single-center retrospective study

Abstract

Objective: Meningitis and encephalitis are neurological emergencies requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. The performance of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction test, and conventional methods for diagnosing meningitis and encephalitis was compared. Methods: This retrospective study assessed 20 patients diagnosed with meningitis or encephalitis according to clinical symptoms and laboratory examination findings between January 2018 and December 2019. The results of the FilmArray® ME panel were compared with those of conventional methods. Results: Pathogens were identified in 11 (55%) patients using the FilmArray® ME panel and in nine (45%) patients using conventional methods. The test identified herpes simplex virus type 1 in two patients, herpes simplex virus type 2 in one, varicella-zoster virus in four, Streptococcus pneumoniae in three, and Cryptococcus neoformans in one. Furthermore, additional pathogens were detected (n = 1, S. pneumoniae and n = 1, varicella-zoster virus). The median times to pathogen identification were 2 hours using the FilmArray® ME panel and 96 hours with conventional methods. Conclusions: The sensitivity of the FilmArray® ME panel for rapidly detecting the most common pathogens was similar to that of conventional methods. Hence, this method could decrease the time to definitive diagnosis and treatment initiation.