Justification of mechanoplasmic effect arising during a process of mechanical treatment of metal in lubricant-cooling agents

Abstract

A model of surfactant lubricant-cooling agent (SLCA) transformation to radically active hydrogen plasma in the cutting zone is proposed. This phenomenon is strongly expressed when the composition of SLCA includes a macromolecular compound having specified chemical composition and concentration. Since the chain of pyrolytic transformations of polymer additives to SLCA leads to hydrogen and carbon appearance in atomic and other active forms, the hypothesis of both the active participation of protons in the mechanochemical process during the metal treatment and the simultaneous permanent carbonization of cutting edge of tool. The experimental data show that the interaction between various contact material and environment as well as the physical and chemical processes, which occur as a result of the metal fracture, are associated primarily with the electrical activity of the real structure of the material arising as a result of mechanical action. The crucial role of formation and the crack growth is demonstrated as a factor of initiation and acceleration of various physical and chemical processes and phenomena occurred in the gap between the tool wedge and the crack tip, which lead to the hydrogen plasma formation. Based on the synthesis of investigations dedicated to various physicochemical phenomena occurring at the moment of a solid body failure, an attempt of consideration of the reduction of energy consumption during the metal cutting process in SLCA as a common result of mechanical and thermal effects. The recombination of hydrogen ion is an additional heat source in the ultramicroscopic areas directly in the region of overcoming the bonding between atoms of the treated metal. The proposed method of mechanoplasmic treatment of metal not only has a high efficiency, but also allows fabrication of the pieces having high operational durability.