A finite element foot model for simulating muscle imbalances

Abstract

To overcome the expense and limitations of cadaveric test- ing, we developed a finite element (FE) foot model. Previ- ous foot models have included hyperelastic materials, plantar fascia, and extrinsic muscle forces [1]. We also included the plantar fat pad and both distal and proximal cartilage in our model. We validated the model by com- paring plantar pressures and joint angles to literature sources and cadaveric testing data.