Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in an Urban Setting in Indonesia: A Casecontrol Study in Umbulharjo I, Yogyakarta

Abstract

The rate of incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is the ninth highest in the world. Poor environmental conditions, mainly related to air circulation and improper behaviour, were recognized as the risk factors in this country. A case-control study of 69 participants was conducted in the Umbulharjo I Public Health Centre of Yogyakarta during January-August 2019. Data collection was conducted using a tested questionnaire. Analysis was performed using Chi-square and Logistic regression. Three variables were identified as potential risk factors for TB: family history of TB, smoking behaviour, and ventilation condition. The results of the logistic regression test revealed that people who smoke have the greatest risk of TB infection. Health promotion needs to be enforced to educate both patients and their family to prevent the transmission of TB.