Smart Controllers Enabled Dynamic Energy Routing in DC-Grid PV Systems with Uninterrupted EV Charging

Abstract

- Revealing a shift in energy management, this research introduces intelligent energy routing in a dynamic DC-grid integrated Photovoltaic (PV) system named Dynamic Energy Routing (DER). The system features a robust PV array, an enhanced DC-DC boost converter, and a Machine Learning-Support Vector Regression (ML-SVR) MPPT controller connected to a common DC grid. Complementing this setup is a standby battery with a 40AH capacity synchronized with an AC grid through a universal bridge rectifier controlled by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Integrating an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station into the DC grid enhances the system’s versatility. This research explores the dynamic behaviour of a DC-grid integrated PV system under varying State of Charge (SOC) conditions of the standby battery. In scenarios where the standby battery’s SOC is high (≥70%), the system intelligently directs power from the PV system and standby battery to both the EV battery and the AC grid. This strategic routing is activated in response to adverse PV irradiance conditions by ensuring efficient energy utilization. In situations with moderate SOC levels (≤50%), the PV system and standby battery collaborate to supply power to the grid and EV batteries. However, the AC grid intervenes early to adapt to the moderate SOC and reduced irradiance conditions. In low standby battery SOC (<10%), the PV system takes charge by providing charging power to both the standby and EV batteries. In this scenario, the AC grid is promptly activated to contribute the necessary charging power by showing the system’s adaptive response to diverse SOC levels and ensuring reliable energy distribution. Notably, the AC grid activation has done at worst irradiances and lower SOC of standby battery power. This research provides valuable insights into the system’s adaptive and efficient energy routing strategies that contribute to understanding smart control mechanisms in DC-grid integrated PV systems with standby batteries and electric vehicle charging stations.