Determinants of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on Employee Performance in Kapsara Tea Factory Company Trans Nzoia County Kenya

Abstract

Recently, many studies have described the relationship between winter temperature in China and some climate systems including the Siberian high (SH) , the Arctic oscillation (AO), ENSO and the western Pacific teleconnection pattern (WP). For example, during the past 100 years the winter temperature in China has been closely related to the intensity of SH which may be possibly influenced by global warming. The winter temperature in China also changes in phase with AO which is an important mode in boreal winter. In addition, ENSO exhibits the greatest influence on the interannual variability of the global climate. Li et al (2007) also pointed out that temperature in the east of the marginal areas in China is well associated with WP. In these studies, however, only one single factor instead of the joint effects of two or more is usually considered. Many meteorological variables are in fact influenced by many factors at the same time and the true relationship cannot be indicated when only considering the simple correlation coefficient between two variables. Until now, the relationship of many factors and their effects on temperature are still unknown. Therefore, it is necessary for us to do some researches on temperature by using the partial correlation coefficient. It is assumed that there are three random variables X 1, X 2 and X 3, which submit Gaussian distribution. The variable X 2 and X 3 are related to X 1. According to statistic theory, the partial correlation coefficient ,rho 12.3 is the correlation coefficient between X 1 and X 2 when X 3 is constant, which means that the influence of X 3 has to be eliminated when the relationship between X 1 and X 2 is considered. In addition, the variations on the interannual and inter- decadal timescales are considered separately in this study. After subtracting by 9-year running mean, which is regarded as the interdecadal components, the remains are referred to as the interannual components. In this paper, the effects of SH, AO, ENSO and WP on the winter temperature in China on the interannual and interdecadal timescales are investigated by using the partial correlation analysis. The results show that the western Pacific teleconnection pattern and the Siberian high have significant influence on winter temperature in China on the interannual timescale. The western Pacific teleconnection pattern mainly influences the east of marginal areas from the south of Northeast China to coastal cities in Guangdong Province. The region associated with the Siberian high covers almost the entire China except for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghe River, which is larger than that associated with the western Pacific teleconnection pattern. However, the temperature is strongly affected by AO and ENSO on the interdecadal timescale. The area under the impact of ENSO includes North China and the mid- and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared with ENSO, AO affects larger areas including the entire mainland except for some regions in the upper reach of the Yangtze River.