Rhodamine b and rhodamine 6g based sensing of copper ions in environmental and biological samples: Recent progress

Abstract

Metal ions are widely distributed in living organisms and environmental systems, therefore, their monitoring is of great importance. These days, several sophisticated instrumental methods are being used for the detection of metal ions; however, rapid recognition of metal ions requires powerful tools namely, colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors. In this review, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G based colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors have been discussed. These methods are simple, involve low cost, lower detection limit, high selectivity, and sensitivity, thereby used to monitor real-time metal ions. Several metal ions were detected with high selectivity and sensitivity with the aid of various derivatives of Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G fluorophores conjugated to different ligands. Besides that, this review is focused on the detection of Cu2+ metal ions in recent years.