Differential recognition of a protective filarial antigen by antibodies from humans with Bancroftian filariasis

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to identify filarial antigens which induce enhanced clearance of circulating microfilariae and to establish if human antibody reactivity with these molecules correlates with the apparent parasite burdens of residents of an endemic area of Bancroftian filariasis. Mice immunized with an extract of Brugia malayi microfilariae develop IgG antibodies to four major filarial antigens with an apparent molecular weight M(r) of ~112,000, 60,000, 45,000, and 25,000. Animals immunized with gel slices containing the ~25,000-M(r) antigen are resistant to intravenous challenge with live microfilariae (78-98% reduction in parasitemia vs. controls, P<0.01). A group of 22 amicrofilaremic humans had a significantly higher (P<0.025) mean antibody titer to the M(r) 25,000-M(r) antigen (1:424) than 16 microfilaremic individuals (1:95). There were no significant differences between the two groups in antibody titers to filarial antigens of M(r) ~112,000, 60,000, and 45,000 M(r). These data suggest that a high degree of reactivity to the 25,000-M(r) antigen in humans with lymphatic filariasis correlates with a parasitologic status that is least conducive to transmission of infection.