A molecular perspective on horticultural trade: lessons from India for international species authentication

Abstract

The global horticultural industry faces increasing challenges related to species authentication, regulatory compliance, and trade transparency. Misidentification of plant species can result in economic losses, compromised consumer safety, and breaches of the regulatory framework. Traditional authentication methods, including morphological and chemical analyses, often lack the accuracy and reproducibility required for reliable identification. This review evaluates the potential of DNA barcoding as a robust molecular tool for species authentication in the horticultural trade. Drawing on case studies involving economically important plant species, we highlight the advantages of DNA-based authentication over conventional approaches. We also discuss current market regulations, limitations of molecular techniques, and the need for standardised protocols to support industry adoption. Our analysis underscores the importance of integrating DNA barcoding into global trade policies to enhance quality assurance, prevent adulteration, and ensure compliance with international standards. Future research should aim to improve cost-effectiveness, address technical challenges associated with degraded samples, and explore synergies with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence for species identification.