Geospatial Analysis of the Dynamics of Climate in Kolkata Metropolitan Area

Abstract

The Kolkata Metropolitan Area region comprises urban towns that have witnessed major changes and have been exposed to urban agglomerations, population outbursts, and have faced difficulties in regional management. The growing cities comprising these areas thus faced various kinds of natural changes. One of the major significant changes included the change in climaticconditions. Climateis the weather experienced by any region for a long period, particularly extending to 30-35 years. Therefore, the climate is a long-term study of any region where any slight change shows a significant impact on the lives and balance of the region's habitats. This paper tries to deal with the analysis of climate change in the KMA region. Metropolitan cities in India are currently considered prime concerns due to various climatic distortion and global warming effects. Thus, the paper tries to show the factors and effects of climate change. The study period has been taken for 35 years in the paper. The analysis is carried out using various GIS techniques using the ArcMap 10.1.1 software and statistical techniques to generate graphs. From 1989 to 2006 ranged high as the population showed a rising trend in Kolkata, Howrah, and Kalyani.However, this trend changed for some time during 2014 and 2015 as various plantation activities, programs, and projects were taken up by the government to safeguard climate change's harmful effect. It shows a rise in the temperature and fall in the rainfall quantities from 2015 to 2019. It also shows the disturbed rainfall pattern as a characteristic feature in the KMA cities as sudden droughts or urban flooding rise as a common phenomenon. The area is highly exposed to constant modifications. The paper concludes in a nutshell how the changes have affected the region and are still having asignificant impact on influencing lives and living.