Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Two Cases with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy 93 Caused by Novel ATP6V1A Mutations and Literature Review

Abstract

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 93 (DEE93) is a new defined autosomal dominant neurologic disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the ATP6V1A gene on chromosome 3q13. DEE93 is characterized by developmental delay, early-onset refractory seizures, hypotonia, and intellectual disability. So far, merely 31 cases caused by ATP6V1A gene mutation have been reported in literature worldwide, and early genetic detection is required for differential diagnosis. Here, we analyze the clinical and genetic features of two patients with two novel ATP6V1A mutations (c.1061G>T/p.(Trp354Leu) and c.746C>T/p.(Pro249Leu)) and expound the therapeutic schedule for epilepsy. We also review the reported mutations and genotypes associated with the disorder. Our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of ATP6V1A mutation-associated DEE93, which provides a basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling of the disorder.