Assessment of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Resistant Hypertension: Additional Insights into the Pathophysiology of This Condition?

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Good understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism(s) of resistant hypertension (RH) and the relationship to vascular dysfunction is important for optimal blood pressure control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The aim of this review article is to summarize the available data on the methods of arterial stiffness assessment, and their usefulness in RH. Several studies that provide information on the noninvasive methods of evaluation of arterial stiffness have been discussed; specifically, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) tests. Increased arterial stiffness, elevated AIx, and impaired endothelial function all act as indicators and predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension (HTN). CONCLUSION: Our review suggests that PWV and AIx are impaired in patients with severe HTN. Early assessment of these characteristics can potentially be of value in patients with RH.