Image-enhanced endoscopy and its corresponding histopathology in the stomach

Abstract

In recent years, the technological innovation and progress of endoscopic equipment have been remarkable, and various endoscopic observation techniques have been developed. Among them, representative techniques are magnified observation and narrow-band imaging. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) can visualize superficial microanatomies in the stomach. The normal morphology of the microanatomy visualized using M-NBI differs according to the part of the stomach. The vessel plus surface (VS) classification system has been developed as a diagnostic criterion for early gastric cancer using M-NBI, and its usefulness has been proven. Based on the VS classification system, a magnifying endoscopy simple diagnostic algorithm for early gastric cancer (MESDA-G), a simplified algorithm used for early gastric cancer diagnosis, was created. We aimed to describe the anatomic structure of the stomach that can be viewed using M-NBI and outline the principles and clinical application of the VS classification system and MESDA-G.