Isometric Resistance Training to Manage Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Hypertension is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease and adequate blood pressure control is often elusive. The objective of this work was to conduct a meta-analysis of trial data of isometric resistance training (IRT) studies in people with hypertension, to establish if IRT produced an anti-hypertensive effect. A database search (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MEDLINE) identified randomised controlled and crossover trials of IRT versus a sedentary or sham control group in adults with hypertension. Recent Findings: We included 12 studies (14 intervention groups) in the meta-analyses, with an aggregate of 415 participants. IRT reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean difference (MD) − 7.47 mmHg (95%CI − 10.10, − 4.84), P < 0.01; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) MD − 3.17 mmHg (95%CI − 5.29, − 1.04), P < 0.01; and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) MD − 7.19 mmHg (95%CI − 9.06, − 5.32), P < 0.0001. Office pulse pressure and resting heart rate was not significantly reduced, neither were 24-h or day-time ambulatory blood pressures (SBP, DBP). Night-time blood pressures, however, were significantly reduced with SBP MD − 4.28 mmHg (95%CI − 7.88, − 0.67), P = 0.02, and DBP MD − 2.22 mmHg (95%CI − 3.55, − 0.88), P < 0.01. Summary: IRT does lower SBP, DBP and MAP office and night-time ambulatory SBP and DBP, but not 24-h mean ambulatory blood pressures in people with hypertension.