Frequency of cataract surgery and its impact on visual function—results from the German Gutenberg Health Study

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the frequency of cataract surgery in Germany and to evaluate its impact on visual function in an adult population. Methods: The population-based Gutenberg Health Study was conducted in Germany with its baseline examination between 2007 and 2012 and a 5-year follow-up examiantion. An ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp examination, ocular biometry, and Scheimpflug imaging was carried out. Overall and age-specific frequencies of unilateral and bilateral cataract surgery within 5 years were computed including the 95% confidential intervals [95%-CI]. Association analyses were conducted to determine social and ocular associated factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Vision-related quality of life was assessed using NEI VFQ-25. Results: A total of 10,544 people aged 35 to 74 years were bilateral phakic at baseline and had information on lens status at the 5-year examination. Of these, 168 had unilateral cataract surgery (1.6% [1.4–1.9%]), and 448 had bilateral cataract surgery (4.2% [3.9–4.7%]) in the following 5 years. The frequency of cataract surgery increased with age: 45–54-year-old subjects had twice as often cataract surgery (in at least on eye: OR = 2.32) than at age 35–44 years. The frequency further strongly increases with age (55–64 years: OR = 10.5; 65–74 years: OR = 43.8, p < 0.001). Subjects with glaucoma were more likely to have cataract surgery (OR = 2.52, p < 0.001). Visual function increased when undergoing bilateral cataract surgery. Conclusions: The frequency of cataract surgery is low at younger ages and increases up to 26% at age 70–74 years. Persons with glaucoma are more likely to undergo cataract surgery at population-based level in Germany.