From sampling to analysis: How to achieve the best sample throughput via sampling optimization and relevant compound analysis using sum of ranking differences method?

Abstract

The determination of an optimal volatile sampling procedure is always a key question in analytical chemistry. In this paper, we introduce the application of a novel non-parametric statistical method, the sum of ranking differences (SRD), for the quick and efficient determination of optimal sampling procedures. Different types of adsorbents (Porapak Q, HayeSep Q, and Carbotrap) and sampling times (1, 2, 4, and 6 h) were used for volatile collections of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) samples. SRD identified 6 h samplings as the optimal procedure. However, 1 or 4 h sampling with HayeSep Q and 2 h sampling with Carbotrap are still efficient enough if the aim is to reduce sampling time. Based on our results, SRD provides a novel way to not only highlight an optimal sampling procedure but also decrease evaluation time.