Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Praseodymium Doped Zinc Ferrite Composites as Promising Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells

Abstract

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is one of the most studied ionic polymers for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) in fuel cells (PEMFCs). To improve its proton conductivity, novel SPEEK/praseodymium-doped zinc spinel ferrite composite membranes of 130–170 μm thickness were prepared via ultrasound-assisted dispersion of various proportions of synthesized doped ferrite nanoparticles into the polymer solution, followed by a simple solution-casting method. The morphology (as observed by SEM and confirmed by DMA) and the conducted physical and chemical tests typical for PEMs, such as water uptake (32–44% at 80 °C), ionic exchange capacity (1.67–1.80 mEq/g), chemical (around 1% loss in Fenton reagent after 24 h), thermal stability (up to 190 °C) and tensile strength (39–50 MPa), were proven to depend on the content of inorganic filler in the composite (up to 5%). The proton conductivity of composite membranes (0.21–2.82 × 10−2 S/cm at 80 °C) was assessed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The membrane with a content of 0.25 wt.% ZnFe1.96Pr0.04O4 showed the best proton conductivity (3.41 × 10−2 S/cm at 60 °C), as compared to 1.60 × 10−2 S/cm for Nafion117 measured under the same conditions, demonstrating its suitability as a PEM for fuel cell applications.