Dor crônica na coluna entre adultos brasileiros: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019

Abstract

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da dor crônica na coluna (DCC) e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência. Métodos: Estudo transversal analisando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, com 88.531 adultos, usando regressão logística para identificar fatores associados. Resultados: A DCC foi apontada por 21,6% dos adultos, mostrou maior chance em mulheres (odds ratio — OR=1,27; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,19–1,35), aumentou com a idade de 25–34 anos (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,11–1,51), 35–44 (OR=1,78; IC95% 1,54–2,07), 45–54 anos (OR=2,23; IC95% 1,91–2,59), 55–64 anos (OR=2,47; IC95% 2,12–2,88) e 65 anos ou mais (OR=2,17; IC95% 1,85–2,54); fumantes (OR=1,24; IC95% 1,13–1,35); ex-fumantes (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,21–1,39); que citaram atividade física doméstica pesada (OR=1,41; IC95% 1,31–1,53); obesidade (OR=1,12; IC95% 1,03–1,21); hipertensos (OR=1,21; IC95% 1,11–1,32); colesterol aumentado (OR=1,53; IC95% 1,42–1,65); autoavaliação, cuja referência era muito boa, mostrou gradiente boa (OR=1,38; IC95% 1,23–1,55); regular (OR=2,64; IC95% 2,34–2,98), ruim (OR=4,24; IC95% 3,64–4,94), e muito ruim (OR=5,24; IC95% 4,13–6,65); e menor chance em adultos com ensino fundamental completo/ensino médio incompleto (OR=0,82; IC95% 0,75–0,90) e médio completo/superior incompleto (OR=0,87; IC95% 0,81–0,95). Conclusão: A dor na coluna tem elevada prevalência e mostra associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, estilo de vida, doenças crônicas e autoavaliação de saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2019 National Health Survey, with 88,531 adults, using logistic regression to identify associated factors. Results: CBP was reported by 21.6% of adults and was more likely to occur among women (odds ratio — OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.19–1.35), increased with age: 25–34 years (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11–1.51), 35–44 (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.54–2.07), 45–54 years (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.91–2.59), 55–64 years (OR=2.47; 95%CI 2.12–2.88), and 65 years or older (OR=2.17; 95%CI 1.85–2.54); among smokers (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.13–1.35); ex-smokers (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.21–1.39); those who mentioned heavy housework (OR=1.41; 95%CI 1.31–1.53); obesity (OR=1.12; 95%CI 1.03–1.21); hypertension (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.11–1.32); high cholesterol (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.42–1.65); with self-rated health — with a very good reference — in the gradients: good (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.23–1.55), regular (OR=2.64; 95%CI 2.34–2.98), poor (OR=4.24; 95%CI 3.64–4.94), and very poor (OR=5.24; 95%CI 4.13–6.65); its likelihood was lower in adults with complete elementary school/incomplete high school (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.75–0.90) and complete high school/incomplete higher education (OR=0.87; 95%CI 0.81–0.95). Conclusion: Back pain has a high prevalence and shows associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and self-rated health.