Microwave-Assisted Synthetic Pathways of Pyrrole: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Microwave synthesis is a sustainable and eco-friendly method for producing novel organic compounds, offering faster reactions, higher yields, and improved purity compared to traditional techniques. Efficiency is increased by the uniform heating caused by microwave radiation, especially for the synthesis of heterocyclic compound and their derivatives. Owing to have important biological and therapeutic qualities, a number of microwave-assisted synthetic methods of pyrroles have been developed that produce better results than the conventional reported method. In view of this, the present review emphasizes solvent-free and catalyst-free methods for the microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrrole and its fusion with other heterocycles such as furan, pyridine, beta-lactam, and indole. A comparison between traditional and microwave-assisted techniques is given in terms of reagents, covering yield, waste minimization, solvents, and catalysts.