Comparison of Conventional and Non-conventional Manufacturing processes for Production of Motorbike Helmet - A Life Cycle Assessment Approach

Abstract

This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of helmet manufacturing processes, focusing on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and conventional manufacturing methods. The research evaluates environmental impacts across three key categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Non-renewable Energy Consumption, and Ozone Layer Depletion. Results reveal that helmets produced via FDM exhibit significantly higher environmental impacts - 13 times greater GWP, seven times higher non-renewable energy use, and fifteen times more severe ozone depletion compared to conventional methods. These disparities stem from FDM's energy-intensive nature and reliance on non-renewable resources. To mitigate these challenges, recommendations include adopting renewable energy in production, improving energy efficiency in 3D printing technologies, and transitioning to eco-friendly materials. These measures aim to align helmet manufacturing with global sustainability objectives, particularly Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9, 11, and 12, and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. By providing actionable insights, this study contributes to advancing greener industrial methods and informs industry stakeholders and policymakers in their pursuit of environmental sustainability.