Chloride Resistance of High-Strength Concrete Subjected to Different Curing Conditions and Chloride Concentrations

Abstract

High-strength concrete (HSC) is widely used in coastal regions, but its durability and structural safety is threatened by chloride ingress in marine environments. This study investigates the effects of different curing methods, normal, steam, and high-temperature autoclave on the chloride resistance of HSC using the electric flux test. A critical chloride concentration of 4.5% was identified, and accelerated deterioration tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties development (compressive strength, elastic modulus, toughness, specific toughness) under the various curing conditions. Additionally, the development of hydration products and microstructural characteristics were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed differences. The results indicate that steam and autoclave curing enhance cement hydration and the initial mechanical properties of HSC but also increase permeability and susceptibility to chloride ion penetration compared to normal curing. Chloride penetration was found to be most severe at moderate chloride concentrations (~4.5%), while higher concentrations resulted in reduced ion migration. Although intensive curing under elevated temperature and pressure improves early strength and stiffness, it accelerates mechanical degradation under chloride exposure, highlighting a trade-off between short-term performance and long-term durability.