Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus Larvae to the Larvicidal Activity of Three Types of Derris elliptica Extract

Abstract

Background and Objective: The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of D. elliptica root have high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, the primary vector of dengue but have not been understood their potential against Ae. albopictus larvae, the secondary vector of dengue that also transmits Chikungunya and Zika viruses. This in vitro study aims to understand the larvicidal activity of the 3 extract types of D. elliptica root against Ae. albopictus larvae. Materials and Methods: The tuba root extract types were obtained from the sequential extraction process with 3 steps of liquid-liquid partition as described in the previous report. Six concentrations were occupied in this experiment ranging of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg LG1 each concentration was 5 times replicated and placed in 250 mL plastic cups. As many as 20 of 3rd instar larvae of Ae. albopictus were subjected in each treatment cup and larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. Results: Larval mortality rates based on concentration range of 13.75-97.00 and 43,75-100%, 14.00-44.00, 34.00-90.00%, 12.00-47.00 and 28.00-88.00%, with the LC50 after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure were 2.925 and 0.414, 16.184, 2.900, 15.789 and 4.380 mg LG1, respectively for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. Conclusion: The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of tuba root have high larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus larvae. Further study on prototype formulation of larvicide and elucidation of the specific phytochemical compounds of the extracts were necessarily conducted.