Boosting memory activation to target aversive memories in dual-task interventions

Abstract

Background and Objectives: During a standard dual-task intervention, an individual recalls a memory while performing a dual-task. It is yet unclear to which extent a memory needs to be activated during a dual-task intervention to be most effective for memory desensitization. We investigated whether boosting memory activation by adding a visual retrieval cue during a dual-task intervention could enhance the desensitization of aversive memories. Methods: An aversive memory was induced using a trauma film. Then, participants (N = 136) were randomly assigned to either (1) Recall + Working Memory (WM) Task + Screenshot, (2) Recall + WM Task, (3) Recall Only, or (4) WM Task Only condition. Memory vividness and distress were assessed prior and after the intervention, and at 1-week follow-up. Results: Overall, the evidence suggested that adding a visual retrieval cue of an aversive memory to a standard dual-task intervention did not lead to greater reductions in memory vividness and distress compared to a standard dual-task intervention without a cue. Exploratory analyses revealed that there was strong evidence for an alternative hypothesis: All conditions involving WM taxation were equally effective in reducing memory distress and vividness, irrespective of recall instructions or reactivation cues, and outperformed the Recall Only condition. Limitations: Participants did not think more of the trauma film when provided with a visual retrieval cue during the standard dual-task intervention compared to not seeing such a cue. Hence, it is possible that the visual retrieval cue was not processed sufficiently to boost memory activation. Conclusions: Adding a visual retrieval cue to a dual-task intervention did not enhance memory desensitization in this study with non-clinical participants. Instead, based on the exploratory analyses, the data more likely suggest that (continuous) reactivation of aversive memories during a dual-task intervention may not be necessary for effective memory desensitization.