Prevalence of colorectal cancer risk factors in apparently healthy adults in Suluhan Village, Bali

Abstract

Background: Currently in Indonesia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in men and the fourth in women. CRC is mostly diagnosed in the advanced stage, it's probably caused by the difficulties in detecting colorectal cancer. Identifying risk factors of CRC is very crucial to prevent CRC. CRC risk is expected to rise continually due to dietary patterns, smoking, lack of physical activities, and other practices. This study describes the prevalence of risk factors for CRC in healthy residents of Suluhan village, Bangli District, Bali Province. Method(s): A pre-experimental cross-sectional study-based community was conduct on 18th - 19th May 2019 in Suluhan village to collect data from 77 healthy residents using validated questionnaire. We measured sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary habits, and lifestyle as risk factors of CRC. Analysis of data using chi-square with p-value <0.05 is categorized as significant. Result(s): 77 respondents were involved in this study with a mean age of 41.94 +/- 9.448 years. The majority of participants were female (61 %). Mostly the residents didn't know CRC (80.6%). The commonest risk factors for CRC among the participants were overconsumption of red meat (2 times/week and >3 times/week) (67.6 %), overweight and obesity (62.4 %), limited consumption of vegetables (62.3 %), low of physical activities (44.1%), smoking (28.6%), and limited consumption of diet fiber (10.4%). Lack of physical activity was found significantly higher in females (p = 0,000), otherwise smoking (p = 0,000) is higher in males. Conclusion(s): We conclude that the highest risk factor of CRC in Suluhan village is the overconsumption of red meat, followed by overweight and obesity, limited consumption of vegetables, low physical activities, smoking, and limited consumption of diet fiber sequentially. Dietary and lifestyle risk factors for CRC are prevalent in Suluhan village and likely to increase CRC incidence if educational interventions are not implemented. Greater attention in improving residents' knowledge of CRC risk is needed to prevent CRC in Suluhan village.