The impact of microphysical parameters, ice nucleation mode, and habit growth on the ice/liquid partitioning in mixed-phase Arctic clouds

Abstract

The fundamental physical processes that maintain supercooled liquid in observed Arctic mixed-phase clouds are poorly constrained. To isolate the factors that control ice/liquid partitioning during the ascent of an air parcel, we apply an adiabatic parcel model that includes ice nucleation by deposition and immersion freezing and ice habit evolution. Simulations are performed for two different temperature regimes that resemble those observed during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (-13°C < T < -9°C) and the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (-22°C < T