Retrospective study of suicidal deaths in a tertiary care hospital at Imphal, Manipur, India

Abstract

Background: Globally, suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. According to the World Health Organization, suicide is a significant public health concern, and understanding the trends and patterns of suicidal deaths can help inform prevention and intervention strategies would provide valuable insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of suicidal individuals, as well as the risk factors and preventive measures that can be implemented in the region. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed post-mortem records from the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India, covering all suicide cases from 2013 to 2023 brought for medico-legal autopsies. Results: A total of 100 suicide cases were reported, with males (59%) outnumbering females (41%). The most affected age group was 21–30 years (39%), followed by 11–20 years (24%). Suicides mostly occurred outside homes (53%), with hanging (80%) being the predominant method. Students (26%) and housewives (23%) were the most affected occupations. Key predisposing factors were family problems (32%) and financial issues (25%). Conclusion: In the present study, young adults are commonly involved, which represent the most active and productive section of the community. It is usually committed in familiar surroundings, especially indoors by using easily available household ligature materials. Suicide is a major health problem and the medical profession has to take a role in the management of this health problem. Decriminalizing suicide and regulating hazardous substances could reduce stigma, aid families, improve statistics, and allow better treatment for attempters, potentially saving lives. The findings of this study will help in highlighting the present scenario of suicidal deaths and thus will help in solving many crimes by law enforcement agencies.