Collimated flat-top beam shaper metasurface doublet based on the complex-amplitude constraint Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm

Abstract

Collimated flat-top beam shapers primarily consisting of freeform lenses have a wide range of applications and pose challenges in terms of processing and integration when the diameter is less than millimeters. Metasurfaces represent a promising solution to planarize optics, can mimic any surface curvature without additional fabrication difficulty, and are suitable for flat-top optics. The conventional metasurface design approach relies on imparting the required phase using meta-atoms and encounters challenges in amplitude modulation due to near-field coupling and varying transmittances among meta-atoms with different phases, making the design of flat-top beam shapers difficult. In this paper, we propose a complex-amplitude constraint Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm for designing a collimated flat-top beam shaper metasurface doublet,which avoids the influence of strong near-field coupling on the amplitude distribution and simultaneously considers the amplitude-phase characteristics of the meta-atoms. A collimated flat-top beam with exceptional homogeneity Up of approximately 0.01, a wavefront error less than 0.1λ and a transmittance higher than 86 % is experimentally obtained, comparable to commercial products based on freeform lenses. A collimated flat-top beam shaper metasurface doublet for generating flat-top beam is introduced, promoting efficient integration with laser systems.