The Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists on Blood Pressure: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Hypertension is a prominent cardiovascular risk factor, especially among patients with diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of drugs originally developed to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes; however, these agonists have subsequently demonstrated additional cardioprotective effects, including modest reductions in blood pressure (BP). This literature review examines the various mechanisms through which GLP-1 RAs reduce BP, including weight loss, improved endothelial function, and renal sodium management. While GLP-1 RAs are less potent in BP reduction compared to conventional antihypertensive agents, the broader metabolic benefits of these agonists make this class of drug a valuable adjunct in managing hypertension, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of BP and optimize patient selection for maximal cardiovascular benefit.