Preparation and Characterization of Liposomes Containing Green Tea and Roselle Extracts to be Used in Cosmetics

Abstract

Liposomal formulations have been used in the treatment of dermatological diseases with synthetic and herbal drugs incorporated to improve efficacy while herbal extracts reduce side effects associated with incorporated synthetic drugs. Anti-oxidants in Green Tea leaves and Roselle calyces were extracted into liposomes containing cholesterol by reverse phase evaporation. Varying molar ratios of Lecithin, Tween 80, Cholesterol at varying concentrations were analyzed and compared. The yield of the Green tea leaves water extracts (GTLW) and total Phenolic content (TPC) were found to be (30.35 ± 0.90%, 325.13 ± 1.04 mgGAE/g), Green tea leaves powder water extracts (GTPW) were found to be (27. 83 ± 1.38%, 272.65 ± 0.15 mgGAE/g). Roselle calyces water extracts (GHFW) were found to be (52.42 ± 3.23%, 37.82 ± 0.21 mgGAE/g), Roselle calyces powder water extracts (GHPW) were found to be (51.49 ± 1.30%, 50.00 ± 0.11 mgGAE/g). In the combination of water and organic solvent, the Green tea leaves extracts (GTLWC) were found to be (19.22 ± 1.20%, 246.67 ± 0.17 mgGAE/g), Green tea leaves powdered extracts (GTPWC) were found to be (19.42 ± 2.28%, 180.16 ± 0.81 mgGAE/g), Roselle calyces extracts (GHFWC) were found to be (52.42 ± 3.23%, 37.82 ± 0.21 mgGAE/g), Roselle calyces powdered (GHPWC) extracts were found to be (56.06 ± 1.9%, 38.52 ± 0.34 mgGAE/g). The ethanol extracts (GTLE & GTPE) are greenish with % average yield of 33.66 ± 0.23 & 34.86 ± 3.17. The water extracts (GTPW & GTLW) are light green in appearance with % average yield of 27.83 ± 1.38 & 30.35 ± 0.9. Ethyl acetate & chloroform (GTLWC & GTPWC) extracts shows brownish green in appearance with % average yield of 19.22 ± 1.20 & 19.42 ± 2.28 respectively. Phase contrast microscope (PCM) results show that ACT80E has particle size (PS) of (47.655 ± 10.32 μ m). Liposomes containing only cholesterol with Roselle extract (ACT80HB), with PS (54.588 ± 10.20). Liposomes containing only cholesterol with green tea extract (ACT80GT) is the highest with PS (69.668 ± 19.92). It was observed that the mean particle size of the green tea and Roselle extract loaded liposomes were higher than the unloaded liposomes' mean particle size. The higher mean particle size of the extract loaded liposomes result might be explained by the fact that phenolic compounds might be incorporated into a lipid bilayer and/or may be absorbed onto the surface of liposomes as well as incorporated into the interior region of the liposomes which could be due to hydrogen bonding between polar head groups and the phenolic compounds in the extract, hydrophobic interactions between the fatty acid tail so of the polar lipid and the more hydrophobic moieties of the phenolic compounds, or thermodynamic driving forces such as the liposomes attaining a more optimal configuration ( Gibis et al., 2012).