Controlled-release pesticide nanofibers for sustainable agriculture: Effects of processing parameters on fiber morphology and release kinetics

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a controlled release system for the carbamate insecticide fenobucarb using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers produced by coaxial electrospinning. The objective was to produce core-shell nanofibers and evaluate their properties and fenobucarb release behaviour through several analytical techniques, including water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimal parameters for electrospinning were found as 8 wt.% PLA for the shell, 98 wt.% fenobucarb for the core, with shell feed rates of 0.6 mL/h and 0.18 mL/h for the core, using an applied voltage of 16 kV and a tip-to-collector distance of 16 cm. The finished nanofibers contained up to 74.713% fenobucarb by weight, with a gradual release of 12.7% after one week and 66.12% after three months. These findings demonstrate the potential of fenobucarb/PLA nanofibers as a viable method for extended and controlled pesticide delivery, which could enhance long-term pest management effectiveness while reducing pesticide usage. This reduction not only minimizes environmental impact but also supports the development of a greener and more sustainable agriculture.