Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis of Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Intention-Behavior Gap

Abstract

Background: As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, it is important to understand psychological factors that may influence compliance with social distancing. Purpose: The present study examined whether Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs were associated with social distancing, with a focus on exploring moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. Methods: Using a longitudinal design, U.S. adults (N = 507) self-reported TPB constructs and social distancing behavior at baseline and 3 months later. Participants were from 48 U.S. States and the District of Columbia and were on average 50.39 years old (SD = 15.32, range = 18-80). The majority were Non-Hispanic White (71.6%), had a bachelor's degree or higher (55.3%), and resided in suburban areas (55.8%). Results: While positive attitudes toward social distancing increased over time (p =. 002), subjective norms weakened (p