A complete and explicit solution to the three-dimensional problem of two fixed centres

Abstract

We present for the first time an explicit, complete and closed-form solution to the threedimensional problem of two fixed centres, based onWeierstrass elliptic and related functions. With respect to previous treatments of the problem, our solution is exact, valid for all initial conditions and physical parameters of the system (including unbounded orbits and repulsive forces), and expressed via a unique set of formulae.Various properties of the three-dimensional problem of two fixed centres are investigated and analysed, with a particular emphasis on quasi-periodic and periodic orbits, regions of motion and equilibrium points.