Enhancing performance of 0.15PIN-0.60PMN-0.25PT single crystal for (001)-oriented via alternating current poling and (110)-oriented via pulse poling

Abstract

In this work, the (001)- and (110)-oriented 0.15Pb(In1/2Pb1/2)O3-0.60Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.25PbTiO3 (0.15PIN-0.60PMN-0.25PT) single crystal plates were investigated under different poling methods, i.e., direct current poling (DCP), alternating current poling (ACP), and pulse poling (PP) methods. The (110)-oriented sample has a larger remnant polarization and coercive field than those of the (001)-oriented sample. Dielectric performance measurement and unipolar electric field-induced strain disclose successive ferroelectric phase transitions, in which the largest maximum strain and converse piezoelectric constant d33* are induced near the phase transition temperatures. The optimized poling conditions present a slight difference in crystal orientation and poling methods. For the (001) orientation, the ACP sample presents the highest piezoelectric constant d33 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kt of 1890 pC/N and 0.572, elevating 32.7% and 4.7%, respectively, as compared to the DCP sample. For the (110) orientation, the PP sample presents d33 of 1238 pC/N and kt of 0.498, enhancing 18.1% and 2.7%, respectively, by contrast with the DCP sample. The domain configuration of both the ACP (001)-oriented and PP (110)-oriented crystal plates presents a higher domain wall density as compared to the samples poled by the other two methods, which is considered a substantial factor for the improvement of piezoelectric performance.