An expeditious synthesis and histo–toxicological study of 1,2,3-triazoles catalyzed by a novel Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) as a magnetically separable catalyst

Abstract

A novel Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) as a magnetically separable catalyst was synthesized and further confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, ICP-AES, TEM, VSM, and XPS analyses. The catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) was examined in the one-pot environmentally friendly synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles by reacting terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide in ethanol at 55°C. The results revealed Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) nano–sizedcatalyst is advantageous in terms of excellent activity, high stability, and easily recoverable in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. The mechanistic study of Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole is also supported by DFT calculations. The significant advantages of this catalytic system are mild reaction conditions, easy work-up procedure, magnetic separation, heterogeneity, an excellent yield of the product, and recyclability without a notable decrease of catalytic potency for six runs. Further, histotoxicological assessment of synthesized 1,2,3-triazoles was done on the Indian major carp Labeo rohita.