Spiritual well-being and resilience as predictors of occupational hardiness among employed married female students in Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Research on the psychological well-being of working women has increasingly examined individual factors that influence coping and adaptation in demanding roles. However, limited attention has been given to the combined influence of spiritual well-being, resilience, and occupational hardiness among employed married female students, particularly in Nigeria, where women often face dual pressures from academic and professional responsibilities alongside family obligations. This study addressed this gap by investigating the relationships and predictive power of spiritual well-being and resilience on occupational hardiness among employed married female students in Ogun State, Nigeria. A sample of 263 participants were selected through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Demographic Data Inventory (DDI), Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Occupational Hardiness Inventory (OHI). Statistical analyses involved frequency counts, percentages, and multiple regression analysis, with three hypotheses tested at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed a significant combined contribution of spiritual well-being and resilience to occupational hardiness (F(2, 259) = 32.984, p