A dynamic approach to the theory of effective demand

  • SHAIKH A
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Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to resituate the theory of effective demand within a dynamic nonequilibrium context. Existing theories of effective demand, which derive from the works of Keynes and Kalecki, are generally posed in state equilibrium terms. That is to say, they serve to define a given level of output which corresponds to the equilibrium point between aggregate demand and supply. We propose to generalize this analysis in three ways. First, we will extend the analysis to encompass a dynamic (i.e. moving) short-run path of output, rather than a merely static level. Second, we will show that his dynamic short-run path need not imply an equilibrium analysis, since it can arise from either stochastically sustained cycles or deterministic limit cycles. And third, we will prove that the preceding generalization of the theory of effective demand will allow us to solve a long-standing problem in growth theory: namely the puzzle surrounding the apparently intractable instability of warranted growth. We will show that the actual path of growth does indeed gravitate around the warranted path in a cyclical sense.RESUMO Este trabalho pretende situar a teoria da demanda efetiva num contexto de não-equilíbrio dinâmico. As teorias de demanda efetiva derivadas dos trabalhos de Keynes e Kalecki estão geralmente inseridas num equilíbrio estático de oferta e demanda agregada. Propomo-nos generalizar esta análise de três formas. Primeiramente estendendo a análise de maneira a englobar a trajetória dinâmica de curto prazo da produção. Em segundo lugar, mostrando que esta trajetória dinâmica de curto prazo não implica numa análise de equilíbrio, pois pode surgir tanto de ciclos sustentados estocasticamente como de ciclos limite-determinísticos. Em terceiro lugar, mostraremos que a generalização anterior da teoria de demanda efetiva nos permitirá resolver uma antiga questão da teoria do crescimento: as dificuldades em torno da aparente intratabilidade da instabilidade da taxa garantida de crescimento. Mostraremos que a trajetória de crescimento gravita em torno da taxa de crescimento garantido de forma cíclica.

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APA

SHAIKH, A. (1989). A dynamic approach to the theory of effective demand. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 9(3), 433–453. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571989-1446

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