New Pathways toward Sustainable Sn-Related Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Sn-related perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising lead-free, environmentally viable photovoltaic technologies. Recent years have witnessed rapid development in terms of soaring photovoltaic performances of Sn-related PSCs, progressively narrowing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) gaps to the Pb-based counterparts. However, further enhancement of PCE and lifespan are largely limited by the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and by-products-induced defects. Beyond the stereotyped antioxidation strategies using reducing agents, in this perspective, several novel chemical pathways, which are able to simultaneously boost the PCE and stability of Sn-related PSCs, are summarized and highlighted. In addition, the impact of molecular design on the antioxidation, de-doping, defect passivation effect, and other optoelectronic properties of Sn-based perovskite films and devices is elucidated. Last but not least, associated challenges and future research directions are also discussed and proposed for fabricating efficient, stable, and sustainable Sn-related optoelectronic devices.