Hiperglucemia intrahospitalaria durante la COVID-19 en pacientes sin diagnóstico previo de diabetes: reporte de tres casos

Abstract

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an increase in cases of hospital hyperglycemia has been reported in patients with and without diabetes. The use of glucocorticoids, the hyperinflammatory state, damage to the beta cells of the pancreas, anxiety, a history of diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue dysfunction have been suggested as causes. Three cases of patients with hyperglycemia associated with COVID-19 are described. Methods: By presenting clinical cases and reviewing the literature, were investigated key elements that improve the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of hospital hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19 without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The increase in cases of intra-hospital hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19 requires opportune diagnosis and treatment, given the negative implications of this entity, for its approach it is advisable to measure serum glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and in selected cases pancreatic enzymes. Its treatment is based on the use of insulin in different treatment schemes and near monitoring of the patient. Before discharge, the most appropriate hypoglycemic therapy for outpatient management should be evaluated.