Fluid balance in the newborn

Abstract

The two most common causes of death in pediatric cases, where anesthesia is contributory, remain hypoxia and inaccurate fluid loss measurement and replacement. The incidence of cardiac arrest during anesthesia in infants is 1:600, compared with an adult rate of 1:2,300. At least one factor in this increased incidence is undoubtedly hypovolemia, even though this particular age group is supposed to have a well developed cardiovascular compensatory capacity. Many infants actually do not receive the fluids that are needed. Thus, a reduction in surgical mortality probably could be achieved by the elimination of fluid and electrolyte deficiency as a source of error.