Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals at Public and Private Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan

Abstract

Job satisfaction plays a critical role in the performance, motivation, and retention of healthcare professionals. In Pakistan, contrasting work environments between public and private hospitals may affect satisfaction levels, yet limited comparative data are available. Objectives: To assess job satisfaction among healthcare professionals in public and private tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan and identify key demographic and institutional factors associated with satisfaction. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st July 2023 to 26th February 2024 among 400 healthcare professionals in four tertiary care hospitals. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire comprising demographic items and 30 Likert-scale job satisfaction statements. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied using SPSS version 26.0. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 400 participants, 57% reported being satisfied with their jobs. Job satisfaction was significantly higher among those working ≤12 hours/day (98.1%) compared to >12 hours/day (86.8%) (p<0.001). Satisfaction was also greater among professionals with >5 years of experience (p<0.001), permanent employment status (p=0.021), higher income brackets (p=0.026), and those working in the private sector (p=0.003). No significant associations were found with gender, marital status, or socioeconomic background. Conclusions: Job satisfaction is significantly influenced by institutional and structural factors. Policymakers and healthcare administrators should focus on strategies that ensure optimal working conditions, equitable compensation, and job security to foster a satisfied and stable healthcare workforce in Pakistan.