Study of Raspberry Genotypes by Biologically Valuable Traits under Conditions of Central Russia

Abstract

In Central Russia, the area of possible effective use of raspberry varieties and their productivity and production values are determined by the plant tolerance to a complex of adverse environmental factors. In this regard, the introduction of new varieties and hybrids should be accompanied by analyzing not only their productivity, but also their winter hardiness and drought resistance. In this paper, we analyzed the winter hardiness of raspberry varieties and indicators of their water regime in the field. By modeling the damaging factors of the winter period, we revealed the stability potential of raspberry varieties for the main components of winter hardiness. The drought resistance of raspberry varieties and forms were assessed in laboratory conditions. According to the results of the complex studies, we identified the frost-resistant accessions: 9-17, 9-35, and 9-70 (freezing ranged from 1.1 to 2.0 points) as well as the medium-hardy varieties Glen Ample, Glen Magna, and Laszka (freezing score ranged from 2.1 to 3.0 points). The indicators of the water regime in the field showed that during the growing season, the studied raspberry varieties were characterized by optimal hydration and water deficiency of the leaf apparatus. This positively affected the yield formation. When modeling drought, raspberry genotypes showed a medium level of drought resistance. At the same time, the Glen Ample, Glen Magna, Glen Lyon, and Laszka varieties as well as the accession 9-70 showed high yields (above 15 t/ha). As a result, promising raspberry genotypes Glen Ample, Glen Magna, Laszka, and 9-70 were selected for further breeding and production cultivation in Central Russia.