PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI BIJI NYAMPLUNG

Abstract

The aim of this experiment is to produce biodiesel using nyamplung (Callophyllum inophyllum Linn) that could meet the SNI standard of biodiesel. Nyamplung is a low grade raw material for making biodiesel due to its high free fatty acid (FFA 29%). During transesterification reaction, FFA is converted into soap and able to reduce biodiesel yield of about 30%. So, the most important step in this experiment is to reduce the FFA content down to about 2% in order to accelerate transesterification reaction properly. This experiment consists of pretreatment, degumming, esterification followed by transesterification reaction. Esterification process aims to find the optimum of methanol-FFA mol ratio, HCl pertcentage and reaction temperature. O Esterification temperature used was 40, 50, 60 and 80 C, mol ratio of methanol-HCl are 0 : 1 until 50 : 1, which consists of 11 variable levels, while HCl percentage consists of 7 level starting from 0 to 18%. Optimation analysis for esterification used surface respons methode according to Montgomery (1991) and Box (1978). O The results shown that optimum esterification process obtained at temperature of 60 C, HCl of 6 percent and methanol-FFA mol ratio of 20 : 1, reaction time 1 hour and rotating speed 400 rpm. At this condition the FFA was reduced from 28.7% to 4.7%. Biodiesel produced has not been stable yet since acid number was around 0.6172-1.8403 O mg KOH/gram, viscosity at 40 C is around 8.1-8.4 cp (8.67-8.99 cSt). Metil ester of biodiesel comprised of methyl palmitat 17.29%, methyl stearat 23.55%, methyl oleat 36.67% and methyl linoleat 22.49%. Optimation using surface respons method obtained reaction equation regression