Harnessing cutting-edge technologies for sustainable future shipping: An overview of innovations, drivers, barriers, and opportunities

Abstract

Sustainable shipping technologies are advancing considerably, but results are fragmented. This study, thus, reviews the literature and organizes the results into cohesive clusters based on their defining characteristics, drivers, barriers, and opportunities. The first cluster, automation technologies, includes autonomous navigation, remote machinery operation, automated maintenance, and cargo handling systems. These technologies streamline operations, reduce human error, and improve safety, thereby driving efficiency and sustainability in maritime transport. The second cluster, digital technologies, covers tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, blockchain, digital twinning, and augmented and virtual reality. These innovations enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and the optimization of vessel performance, leading to cost savings, reduced emissions, and improved decision-making capabilities. The third cluster, Carbon emission reduction technologies, focuses on decarbonization strategies including alternative fuels, battery-electric and hybrid propulsion, renewable energy capture, and technologies for reducing emissions via hull and propeller efficiencies, waste heat recovery, and exhaust treatment. These solutions play a vital role in meeting the industry's decarbonization targets. Finally, the fourth cluster, advanced emerging technologies, includes advanced sensors, robotics, advanced materials, human-computer interaction, human augmentation, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. These cutting-edge innovations support automation and enhance ship operations, and pave the way for future advancements in sustainable shipping. This study has broad implications for industry stakeholders, including shipowners, operators, technology vendors, and policymakers. For instance, shipowners can leverage automation and digital technologies to optimize fleet management, reduce operational costs, and improve energy efficiency, enhancing sustainability. Policymakers and shore regulators can learn about future technologies and their barriers and opportunities and, thus, prepare for future actions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for both practitioners and academics, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and best practices in sustainable shipping.