Integrating Cardiac Biomarkers and Electrocardiogram in Pulmonary Embolism Prognosis

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a significant clinical challenge that substantially impacts healthcare systems. This case report focuses on the nuances of risk stratification in PE, highlighted through the presentation of a 64-year-old female patient. The uniqueness of this case lies in the patient's atypical presentation, where decreased exercise tolerance was the sole symptom leading to the diagnosis of PE. The patient was found to have new-onset atrial fibrillation, elevated levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and signs of right ventricular strain on imaging. This scenario underscores the necessity for a comprehensive assessment in PE cases, particularly when classic symptoms (e.g., tachycardia, shortness of breath, chest pain) are absent. We explore the incidence of PE in patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis, examining the critical role of cardiac biomarkers, including B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP, and troponins, in prognostication and their potential use in risk assessment tools for PE patients. Additionally, the significance of electrocardiogram evaluation in these patients and its role in risk stratification is thoroughly assessed.