Characterization of two Egyptian native chicken breeds using genetic and immunological parameters

Abstract

In order to identify and characterize our native chicken breeds we used two approaches, one of them is genetic and the other concerns with the immunological status of the chickens. In this study, the first 539 bases of the mtDNA D-loop region of two Egyptian native breeds (Fayoumi and Dandarawi, from El-Fayoum research station) were amplified and sequenced. The alignment results showed an approximate tandem repeat of 60-base units with the first 34 nucleotides being exact. These 34-base units were completely identical and conserved in both Egyptian and GenBank database samples. The multiple alignment results showed also that there are three transversions specific for the Egyptian breeds only. Two of them are not specific for certain breed since both of the two breeds showed the normal and mutated nucleotide. The third transversions seems to be specific to Egyptian Dandarawi breed only. The first mutation site is at the position (457) where Adenine nucleotide transversed to Cytosine nucleotide. The second mutation site is at the position (464) where Guanine nucleotide transversed to Thymine nucleotide. The third mutation site is at the position (483) where Adenine nucleotide transversed to Thymine nucleotide. With respect to immunological parameters, it could be speculated that the Fayoumi strain had hyper responders to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injection compared to Dandarawi ones. Opposite trend was noticed for anti-SRBCs antibody response.The results may give an insight into the genetic differentiation and immunological status of the Egyptian domestic fowl. The results did not show direct relation between the two approaches used. However, the results of the two approaches can complete the identification and characterization of the chickens. Also, they could be used in future as bases for more studies.U cilju identifikovanja i karakterizacije nasih autohtonih rasa pilica, koristili smo dva pristupa, genetski i pristup koji se odnosi na imunoloski status pilica. U ovom ispitivanju, prvih 539 baza mtDNK regiona D-petlje kod dve egipatske autohtone rase (Fayoumi i Dandarawi, iz El-Fayoum istrazivacke stanice) je amplifikovano i sekvencirano. Rezultati poravnjanja pokazuju priblizno ponavljanje tandema od 60 baznih jednica sa prvih 34 nukleotida koji su tacni. Ovih 34 baznih jednica su bile u potpunosti identicne i konzervirane u Egipatskoj banci gena i banci gena gde se cuvaju uzorci. Visestruki rezultati poravnjanja pokazuju takodje da postoje tri transverzije koje su specificne samo za egipatske rase. Dve od njih nisu specificne za odredjenu rasu jer obe rase su pokazale normalne i mutirane nukleotide. Treca transverzija se cini da je specificna samo za egipatsku Dandarawi rasu. Prva lokacija mutacije je na poziciji (457) gde se adenin nukleotid transverzuje u cistin nukleotid. Drugo mesto mutacije je na poziciji (464) gde se guanin nukleotid transverzuje u timin nukleotid. Trece mesto mutacije je na poziciji (483) gde se adenin nukleotid transverzuje u timin nukleotid. U vezi sa imunoloskim parametrima, moze se pretpostaviti da Fayoumi soj ima hiper odgovor/reakciju na fitoheamgglutinin-P (PHA-P) injekcije u poredjenju sa Dandarawi sojem. Suprotni trend je registrovan kod anti-SRBCs reakcije antitela. Rezultati mogu dati uvid u genetsku diferencijaciju i imunoloski status dve egipatske autohtnone rase. Rezultati nisu pokazali direktnu vezu izmedju dva pristupa koji su korisceni. Medjutim, rezultati dobijeni koriscenjem dva pristupa mogu kompletirati identifikaciju i karakterizaciju pilica. Takodje, mogu se koristiti u buducnosti kao osnova za dalja istrazivanja.